Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Sample

Hobos and Thieves Literature Essay Sample The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example Present day world is profoundly serious and individuals are in a consistent race for improvement and cash since salary influences personal satisfaction, wellbeing, and social prosperity. In any event, buckling down doesn't ensure social achievement and affirmation since certain individuals have more chances and live in more prosperous situations than others. Wrongdoing flourishes in poor regions and contaminates individuals with altering social deviations, making robbery and beggary a typical and trifling indication of present day profoundly industrialized urban areas. The issue isn't new and it begins in destitution and approaches of authorities to fighting this fiendishness. There are individuals who have scarcely enough cash to give food and water to themselves and their families and there are individuals who have perpetual financial balances and can bear the cost of more than they need. High paces of salary segregation have become a genuine danger to the world strength in the twenty first century and have prompted advancement and flourish of road pack wrongdoing. It has gotten one of the most hazardous and dormant types of offense. Contingent upon misconduct anticipation conditions, social orders structure mental atmosphere in the nation and demeanor to the state specialists and criminal equity. Road hoodlums are typically youngsters with introverted conduct, shaped on the foundation of the utilization of liquor or medications or driving a parasitic lifestyle. The issue begins in the emergency in financial, social, otherworldly, and legitimate circles of society and present day enraptured world. The failure of social adjustment and minimization cause individuals to get and return behind the bars over and over. Imprint S. Fleisher talks about measurements and foundations of the issue in his book Beggars and Thieves: Lives of Urban Street Criminals gave in 1995. He examines eccentricities and shades of malice of dilapidated regions in Seattle and completes an exploration dependent on close to home understanding of living in the road and in a genuine prison. Road Ethnography Being a social researcher, anthropologist Mark S. Fleisher (1995) attempts to see the issue of cheats and homeless people from inside and applies a few changes of customary research strategies. He wins certainty of criminals and law guilty parties by foundation of equivalent and trustful associations with them. He places a plan to mesh into the criminal interpersonal organization by methods for legitimate detainees (Fleisher, 1995). Along these lines, he can see the issue of robbery and beggary through the crystal of criminals’ vision. Stylistics of the writer is a long way from logical composition. He sticks to various portrayals, reflections, and expressive gadgets while delineating enthusiastic and trademark indications of the road life. He writes in the principal individual particular and attempts to utilize a similar language as crooks since his first reason for existing is to mesh into illicit interpersonal organizations and have the option to discuss decidedly with the fugitives. The essential strategy is a meeting. Fleisher adjusts inquiries to rules of the criminal world to make the meeting applicable and vivacious. For instance, basic inquiries regarding family foundation and marriage status can sound hostile on account of socio-social non-adjustment and disappointment. In cases with crooks, Fleisher has first acquired reference of some significant individuals to demonstrate his risk. He welcomes individuals into a discussion through regular eating and drinking bear. He doesn't hide his goals and educates truly concerning his motivations. A few hoodlums comprehend and some reject. Be that as it may, in all cases the creator underlines the need to be the equivalent and non-obvious with his genuine societal position and pertinent social achievement. The embodiment of conditions made by Fleisher comprises in earnest disclosure of free and profitless thoughts and confirmations of the individuals who simply need to share their story and to help their spirit and brevity. The gathered database shows measurable data, yet contains a ton of reflections and suppositions of the misdemeanants on the issue of destitution and probability to battle it, states of first maltreatment, and colleague with medications and substances. In his exploration, Fleisher (1995) feels thoughtful with crooks and attempts to comprehend intentions of their conduct. The creator anticipates potential decisions about his sympathy to the guilty parties. His free explanations about the extent of medication traffic and utilization can prompt an idea that he has individual dependence on drugs and in such manner just legitimizes his own shortcomings. The creator doesn't offer an immediate response about his own addictions. Notwithstanding, he concedes that acting like a criminal forces certain dangerous propensities just by definition. He utilizes inconsiderate lexical units and acts glaringly and obnoxiously, just as not shaving day by day, as it is acknowledged in the working class society. â€Å"Illegal conduct, somewhat, is expected of specialists examining criminals† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 69). Fleisher sees that cops and criminal specialists observe unmistakable implicit principles and bolster each other in giving request and its support. The creator began building up association with the criminal world through the nearby police. He needed to contemplate and break down the road ethnography before entering prison conditions. Neighborhood cops ended up being the most supportive and enlightening aides. As indicated by the Fleisher’s look into (1995), the road is perilous in specific regions, which are leveled out of criminal specialists and the police. There are delegates of different societies and minorities, which frequently turns into an explanation of segregation and polarization of certain negligible gatherings. Criminals and bums would prefer not to be destitute and helpless against misuse. Notwithstanding, they frequently neglect to see the quintessence of their concern and examine it with delegates of other ethnic gathering. The idea of associations is by all accounts vital in foundation of associations with hoodlums. Fleisher tended to the police so as to guide him in his road ethnography. He met Popcorn who turned into his green card into the universe of street pharmacists and tricksters. The man was a character whom Fleisher saw as being free and afterward in prison (Fleisher, 1995). Fleisher (1995) shows the association between road violations, conventional criminals and hobos, and sorted out gatherings and coops. He clarifies pack signs seen on prison tattoos. Coincidentally, he begins his meetings from the clarification of tattoo implications and hoodlums are happy to talk about the point. The researcher underlines that the universal sorted out wrongdoing is prospering in the United States in spite of solid enactment and political will to manage this issue. The root can be in the division of duty between nearby law requirement offices, state, and government specialists since they are completely abused by criminal gatherings. Since the mid 60s, the US has extended the weapons store of devices to battle sorted out wrongdoing and hoodlums. The principal law around there turned into a widespread law of 1968 on fighting wrongdoing and guaranteeing wellbeing on roads. It was passed against composed wrongdoing and incorporated countless lawful organizations. Specific ally, it set up unique examination organizations, which gave an assurance of resistance to witnesses. They presented a unique reformatory arrangement for the discipline of members of criminal associations. In addition, supporting projects for the most helpless and poor layers of the populace were received and actualized. In the scene where the police officers request that Popcorn show Fleisher how he plays his game, all men show up as partners. The scene clearly shows that the police and lawbreakers think about one another substantially more than they uncover or report. â€Å"As long as a cop plays by road rules, neighborhood group young men don't hold resentment against him† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 30). Road groups and groups speak to parts of the sorted out criminal world. They want to include youngsters and join them in a run of the mill method of attire and conduct. The adolescent follow the general gathering pattern in brutality and appearance. It happens on the grounds that as a rule avenues of enormous and little settlements make a mental atmosphere for the populace living there. It helps in assessment of the criminal circumstance in a specific region and area. It specifies a social good or ominous impact on the development of popular conclusion about exercises of criminal equity, yet additionally of the administration all in all. The investigation of provincial parts of road wrongdoing led by Fleisher reflects territorial quirks and determinants of explicit criminal appearances in Seattle and other urban locales of the American group world. Much of the time, road packs show animosity and offense and attempt to disregard normal practices. Contorted Families Imprint Fleisher inquires about early recollections of criminals and homeless people in a characteristic trustful discussion. All talked with lawbreakers uncover indications of early viciousness encounters and misuse. The creator underlines impacts of parents’ carelessness and underhandedness condition on further animosity and criminal operations. He puts inquiries of what should and should be possible for delinquents’ anticipation from hostile types of conduct. He reaches a non-reassuring resolution that it is past the point where it is possible to change their destiny at that a great time. In the last section, Fleisher (1995) underlines that cheats and poor people are vastly improved settled in correctional facilities than in life outside the bars. They have food and shield and have the activity to be finished. They possess energy for rest and various offices, for example, ping-pong and library. Bandits can meet and speak with family members in the event that they hav e any. Depiction of a Seattle prison incorporates two TVs. The creator shows that the indicted feel substantially more acknowledged in prison than in the genuine social condition they

Revaluation of Yuan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revaluation of Yuan - Essay Example In spite of the fact that this debasement will help the fares of the remote nations to develop, it will hurt the household development points of view of China, including conservation of local development and solidness, and furthermore the dependability of political force. In contrast to different nations, the socialist ideological group of the nation has kept up an equivalent dispersion of products and enterprises and pay among the most unfortunate area of the nation, being steady with the high pace of financial development. The creator has opined that an unexpected debasement of Yuan will hurt the business structure of the formal just as the casual division of the nation. This decrease in business will happen through moving of â€Å"low-wage assembling to nations, for example, Vietnam and Sri Lanka†. This will make the local pace of development of salary lessen and in this manner the degree of residential fights and the level of political insecurity will be quickened in the n ation. Be that as it may, as the nation is happy to keep up its 8% yearly pace of monetary development, with low paces of yearly expansion of about 3%, the national purposeful publicity of the country’s socialist gathering is to adhere to its present conversion standard assurance process. Subsequently, the remote nations and business associations are anticipating a much refreshing estimation of Yuan later on; be that as it may, the future desires for the financial and exchange related consequences for the Chinese and the worldwide economy are required to be assessed before continuing with the revaluation strategy (Lamont). The author has wrongly uncovered the perspective of the socialist legislature of the nation with respect to the reduction in the measure of work in the conventional segment of the nation. The debasement of the Chinese cash regarding different monetary forms will diminish the degree of work in the proper area of the nation and will expand the degree of joble ssness in the nation as enormous segment of the country’s modern part is needy upon the indigenous advancements. On the off chance that the nation is made open with noteworthy decrease in the estimation of the Yuan, at that point all things considered, the business heads of the worldwide undertakings will begin putting resources into the modern part of the nation. This will incite huge degree of outside innovations the nation over that will expand the degree of joblessness comprising of those workers who can't work with those remote advancements. Notwithstanding, the thought that the cheapening will decrease the degree of work and will hurt the development procedure of the nation isn't completely obvious. This is because of the way that money downgrading will build the degree of country’s fares of various merchandise and enterprises. This will likewise initiate the indigenous items and administrations to arrive at the worldwide market and in this way the degree of crea tion of these products and enterprises will ascend. This will basically build the degree of salary in these indigenous ventures and in this way the degree of interests in mechanical advancement will be raised. Thus, not just the future degree of salary will ascend, this will prompt more noteworthy degree of improvement of different indigenous advancements (with the assistance of critical joining of indigenous advances with worldwide innovations). Consequently, the degree of future development pace of pay will likewise ascend in the nation and this will be supportable also. More noteworthy measures of fares will likewise help the casual

Fundamentals Of Finance Example

Fundamentals Of Finance Example Fundamentals Of Finance â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionFundamentals of finance is a broad subject of which has to be put in consideration by any organization, essentially finance plays a significant purpose in the current global market, this finance is directly used in product development, marketing and distribution of which the entrepreneur need to accomplish. All business need finance in order to achieve their goals and objectives of which the need might be in the short run or long run. Generally finance in a business ca either be long term finance or short term, long term is used investments of the fixed assets while short term provides the working capital of the business, the mount of capital and other aspects of investments such as age, character, level of education among others vary from one individual to another and therefore in regard to superannuation, potential investors can clearly be advised a bout their portfolio status. Question 1Year to DecAsset AAsset BAsset CAsset DAsset EABCACDEDC199520.20%26.50%12.70%22.8 0%8.00%19.96%14.47%11.90%199614.60%6.60%14.50%13.00%7.60%12.98%14.25%10.06%199712.20%41.70%20.30%12.20%5.60%19.72%14.63%9.86%199811.60%32.60%17.90%9.50%5.10%17.06%13.07%8.54%199916.10%17.50%-5.00%-1.20%5.00%12.16%6.31%1.76%20004.40%2.60%19.70%12.10%6.10%7.10%10.53%25.98%200110%-9.40%14.70%5.40%5.20%7.24%10.64%7.14%2002-8.10%-26.90%11.00%8.80%4.80%-8.04%1.01%6.84%200315.90%0.00%8.80%3.10%4.90%11.30%11.21%5.32%200427.60%10.80%32.00%7.00%5.60%25.12%24.80%11.16%200521.10%17.60%12.50%5.80%5.70%19.78%15.46%7.08%200624.70%12.30%34.00%3.20%6.00%24.08%23.19%11.04%200718.00%-1.70%-8.90%4.00%6.40%8.68%7.13%2.86%2008-40.40%-24.90%-55.30%16.50%6.70%-40.28%-33.49%-3.74%200939.60%0.30%9.60%-2.00%3.30%25.74%22.28%3.50%E ®12.52%7.48%9.23%8.01%6.07%10.83%10.37%7.95%Appendix question 1Calculation of the photofolio in Australian asset A, B, C, D,EThe working is as follows 1996 ABC = (0.6x14.60)+(0.2x6.60)+(0.2x14.50)ACD = (0.5x14.60)+(0.3 +14.50) + (0.2x13)EDC = (0.6x7.60) + (0.2x13.00) + (0.2x14.50)19 97 ABC = (0.6x12.20) +(0.2x 41.70) +(0.2x20.30)ACD = (0.5x7.60) + (0.3x20.30) +(0.2x12.20)EDC (0.6x 5.60) + (0.2x 12.20) + (0.2x20.30)1998 ABC (0.6 x11.60) + (0.2 x 32.60) + (0.2 x17.90)ACD (0.5 x 11.60) + (0.3 x 17.90) + (0.2x9.50)EDC (0.6x5.10) + (0.2x 9.50) + (0.2x17.90) ABC (0.6x16.10) +(0.2x17.50) + (0.2x5.00)ACD (0.5x16.10) + (0.3x-5.0) + (0.2x-1.20)EDC (0.6x5.00) + (0.2x-1.20) +(0.2x-5.00)ABC (0.6x4.40) + (0.2x2.60) +(0.2x19.70)ACD (0.5x4.40) + (0.3x19.70) +(0.2x12.10)EDC (0.6x 6.10) +(0.2x12.10) + (0.2x19.70)ABC (0.6x10.3) + (0.2x-9.40) + (0.2x14.70)ACD (0.5x10.3) +(0.3x14.70) + (0.2x5.40)EDC (0.6x5.2) + (0.2x5.4) + (0.2x14.70)ABC (0.6x-8.10) + (0.2x-26.90) + (0.2x11)ACD (0.5x-8.10) + (0.3x11) + (0.2x8.80)EDC (0.6x4.8) + (0.2x8.8) + (0.2x11)ABC (0.6x15.90) +(0.2x0.0)+ (0.2x8.80) ACD (0.5x15.90) +(0.3x8.8) +(0.2x3.1)EDC (0.6x4.9) +(0.2x3.1) + (0.2x 8.8)ABC (0.6x27.60)+ (0.2x10.8) + (0.2x32.0)ACD (0.5X27.60) +(0.3X32) + (0.2X7.0)EDC (0.6X5.6)+(0.2X7.00) +(0.2X32)ABC (0.6X24.70 ) + (0.2X10.8) + (0.2X12.50)ACD (0.5X21.10) + (0.3X12.50) + (0.2X7.00)EDC (0.6X5.70) + (0.2X5.8) + (0.2X12.50)ABC (0.6X24.70)+(0.2X12.30)+(0.2X34.0)ACD (0.5X24.70) +(0.3X34) +(0.2X3.2)EDC (0.6X6.0) + (0.23.2) +(0.2X34)ABC (0.6X18)+(0.2-1.7)+(0.2X-8.9)ACD (0.5X18) + (0.3X-8.9) + (0.2X4.0)EDC (0.6X6.4) + (0.2X4) + (0.2X-8.9)ABC (0.6X-40.4)+(0.2X-24.9) +(0.2X-55.3)ACD (0.5X-40.4)+(0.3X-55.3)+(0.2X16.5)EDC (0.6X6.7)+(0.2X16.5) +(0.2X-55.3)ABC (0.6X39.6) +(0.2X0.3) +(0.2X9.6)ACD (0.5X39.. 6) +(0.3X-9.6) +(0.2X-2)EDC (0.6X3.30) +(0.2X9.6) +(0.2X9.6)QUESTION 1BCalculation returnsAssets A: (20.2+14.6+12.2+11.6+16.1+4.4+10.3+-8.1+15.9+27.6+21.1+24.7+18+-40.4+39.6) /15 = 12.50% The risks = square root of 12.50 = 3.53%Returns in B (26.5+6.6+41.7+32.6+17.5+2.6+-9.4+-26.9+0.0+10.8+17.6+12.3+-1.7+-24.9+-0.3) /15 = 7.48%Risks in B square root 7.48% = 2.73%Return in C (12.7+14.5+20.3+17.9+-5.0+19.7+14.7+11.0+8.8+3.1+7.0+5.8+3.2+4.0+16.5+-2.0) /15 = 23% Risks 3.03%Returns from D (22.8+13.012.2+9.5+- 1.2+12.1+5.4+8.8+3.1+7.0+5.8+3.2+4.00+16.5+-2.0) /15 =8.01% risks =2.83%Returns from E (8.0+7.6+5.6+5.1+5.0+6.1+5.2+4.8+4.9+5.6+5.7+6.0+6.4+6.7+3.3) /15 = 6.07%b risks= 2.46%Question 2The superannuation funds in finance are funds which comply with the operational standards of SISA. The tax authorities in the country tax these funds continually and usually it is a policy by the state to carry out such taxation programs (Stevenson 23). In any country a cross the world, any company has to have a financial base in terms of funds; the companies whose funds comply with the SISA standards are taxed 15% while those funds that do no comply with those standards are taxed 30% more. The purpose of the superannuation funds in the economy is to ensure that the funds regulated by the authority or the states provide benefits to the fund owners or investors so that incase of their retirement and occurrence of death are given to the their beneficiaries or them themselves to support them at an old a ge (Stevenson 34). The superannuation funds are provided according to their current tariffs in the taxation authorities thus the taxes differ from one country to another since each country has its own taxation policy that reflects different interest rates to be used in calculation of the superannuation

Interpersonal Effectiveness and Areas of Professional Development Free Essay Example, 2000 words

One s ability to communicate, listen and understand others is what essentially defines interpersonal skills. The core part of ELT as a learning style is based on the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) that sets out four distinct learning styles- accommodating, converging, assimilating and diverging. The styles also include categorization by the ELT model where accommodating style feature CE and AE as dominant learning abilities, the converging style features AC and AE dominant learning abilities, assimilating style features AC and RO as dominant learning abilities and diverging style features CE and RO as dominant learning abilities. I feel that I fall under diverging style as even though I have difficulty initiating conversation within a group, I prefer to work in one where I can listen with an open mind and receive personalized feedback. This is because I have come to learn that I like situations where ideas are generated as is the case with brainstorming sessions that call for a grou p setting. The skills that I possess that facilitate my forming this conclusion include conflict resolution, diplomacy, empathy and I value developing rapport. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Effectiveness and Areas of Professional Development or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Plagiarism Essay - 838 Words

Many colleges and universitys have their own policies or views when it comes to plagiarism. There are two main approaches to plagiarisms on campuses, whether it is morally wrong or that it is a crime. While students have to affirm that they will not plagiarize, when it is looked as morally wrong this turns more into a honor code according to Susan D Blum. Faculty expect students to follow this honor code and they believe by having them accept the terms that they will not plagiarize. Due to the social pressure that they believe to have installed in the students. They should understand that plagiarizing is wrong and that they shouldnt do it at all. Although they might accept this as being morally wrong, they often tend to slide down†¦show more content†¦When it comes to the morality of plagiarism you also have to account whether the student defines plagiarism as being morally wrong or right. This will also affect the outcome if done or not. Notions of writing from the 1960s an d 1970s are different from today in many different ways. As Susan D Blum stated students are not wedded to the integrity of their own writing. This is really well put because students at times write papers or assignments without any meaning or effort just so that they can get buy or earn a good grade. Back in the 60s and 70s people werent so out spoken like they are today and it was morally wrong to touch certain subjects about what was happening in society. Now in days people seem to be more out spoke and feel free to write about what it is that they want to write. The culture it self has changed as time goes on and we even act differently and do certain things that might have not been permitted or frowned upon back then. Back then their was no Internet either, students couldnt just browse the Internet for information. Information today is readily available as well, causing student to give less effort when trying to research or find information. Not saying this is a bad thing becau se the availability of having data bases accessible is a blessing due to the factShow MoreRelated Plagiarism Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesPlagiarism missing works cited Plagiarism is a distinguished sounding word. One would almost think that it sounds like some lofty philosophical ideal named for the great Greek teacher Plagiarus, something to be aspired to. This is not so. Plagiarism is in fact a moral misdemeanor, and an academic felony. By definition, plagiarism is a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle would have frowned on such a practiceRead MorePlagiarism Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesI think there was far more plagiarism in the last century. It was almost an accepted part of writing. The ethics of writing has changed. Nobody gets upset about whether Shakespeare plagiarized something. 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Whether they were looking at anotherRead More Plagiarism On The Increase Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages Plagiarism seems to be an increasing problem in todays society, especially on college and university campuses, with the immense resources presently available to people. Previously, individuals were restricted to finding information in resources such as books, magazines, journals, encyclopedias and newspapers, but with the technology and the growth and popularity of the Internet, plagiarism has truly become an issue. There seems to be a direct correlation with the increasing use of the InternetRead MoreOvercoming Plagiarism Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pages Plagiarism is an ever-increasing problem throughout the world today, as the internet, along with technology such as Iphones and Tablets, has made accessing another person’s useful work as easy as typing a few words into a search bar. Pirating that work is then a simple matter of â€Å"cutting and pasting†. 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Different sources of plagiarizing included copying texts from the library and buying old papers off of other students. There were not many resources to choose from where a student’s topic was contained. That has now changed. There is a little thing called the Internet. It has revolutionized the plagiarism world and made it a little more difficultRead MoreEssay On Plagiarism1754 Words   |  8 PagesPlagiarism Many people plagiarize their papers without meaning to. What exactly is plagiarism? Plagiarism is using someone else’s thoughts and ideas as your own and not properly citing them--or not giving the original author credit at all. In this case, we are going to focus on research papers. How do you write a research paper and if you have to use specific sources, how do you properly cite them? In this research paper, I will discuss the following: What is plagiarism? How do you avoid it? HowRead MoreEssay on The Internet and Plagiarism1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet and Plagiarism The World Wide Web is larger than any one person can imagine. There are an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are numerous search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We can find anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can even find completed research papers online; theyRead More Plagiarism Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism For many, many years schools have been trying to stop students from plagiarizing materials. Detecting this plagiarism used to be easy because students only had access to books in the library, magazines, and encyclopedias. However, as the popularity of the Internet increased, so did the number of essays and papers being plagiarized. Students can easily go onto the internet and in no time at all find and essay on their topic of choice. For a certain fee they can buy the essay and

Cyber Crime and Targets Free Essays

The internet has put the world literally at anyone’s fingertips with a vast quantity of information is a mouse-click away. Information that was once only available in obscure reference libraries or card catalogs can be accessed by everyone. Unfortunately the internet is an equal opportunity tool, and those with virtuous as well as nefarious intentions can use this open resource to further their efforts to levels heretofore unheard of. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Crime and Targets or any similar topic only for you Order Now The internet is also soapbox for free speech that epitomizes the intentions of the founding fathers to allow everyone the same opportunity to have their opinions aired. There is a line that often blurs between legitimate and illegal behavior, when does harsh criticism become bullying, when does an expression of affection become harassment and how do the authorities differentiate between someone looking up an old classmate for rekindle a friendship and stalking a former girlfriend that spurned their overtures. The constitutional protections of free speech and requirements of specificity of regulations make the criminalization of inappropriate behavior. CAUSES OF CYBER – CRIME There are many reasons why cyber-criminals commit cyber-crime, chief among them are these three listed below: Cyber-crimes can be committed for the sake of recognition. This is basically committed by youngsters who want to be noticed and feel among the group of the big and tough guys in the society. They do not mean to hurt anyone in particular; they fall into the category of the Idealists; who just want to be in spotlight. Another cause of cyber-crime is to make quick money. This group is greed motivated and is career criminals, who tamper with data on the net or system especially, e-commerce, e-banking data information with the sole aim of committing fraud and swindling money off unsuspecting customers. Thirdly, cyber-crime can be committed to fight a cause one thinks he believes in; to cause threat and most often damages that affect the recipients adversely. This is the most dangerous of all the causes of cyber-crime. Those involve believe that they are fighting a just cause and so do not mind who or what they destroy in their quest to get their goals achieved. These are the cyber-terrorists. HOW TO ERADICATE CYBER – CRIME Research has shown that no law can be put in place to effectively eradicate the scourge of cyber-crime. Attempts have been made locally and internationally, but these laws still have shot-comings. What constitutes a crime in a country may not in another, so this has always made it easy for cyber criminals to go free after being caught. These challenges notwithstanding, governments should in the case of the idealists, fight them through education not law. It has been proven that they help big companies and government see security holes which career criminals or even cyber-terrorist could use to attack them in future. Most often, companies engage them as consultants to help them build solid security for their systems and data. â€Å"The Idealists often help the society: through their highly mediatised and individually harmless actions, they help important organizations to discover their high-tech security holes†¦.†# The enforcement of law on them can only trigger trouble, because they would not stop but would want to defy the law. â€Å" Moreover, if the goal of the cyber-crime legislation is to eradicate cyber-crime, it mint well eradicate instead a whole new culture, in education is a much better way to prevent their actions. Another means of eradicating cyber-crime is to harmonize international cooperation and law, this goes for the greed motivated and cyber-terrorists. They can not be fought by education, because they are already established criminals, so they can not behave. The only appropriate way to fight them  is by enacting new laws, harmonize international legislations and encourage coordination and cooperation between national law enforcement agencies. WHO ARE INVOLVED: Those involved in committing cyber-crimes are in three categories and they are: THE IDEALISTS (Teenager). They are usually not highly trained or skilful, but youngsters between the ages of 13 – 26 who seek social recognition. They want to be in the spotlight of the media. Their actions are globally damageable but individually negligible. â€Å"Like denying a lot of important e-commerce servers in February, 2000 is said to have caused high damages to these companies.†# Most often they attack systems with viruses they created; their actual harm to each individual is relatively negligible. By the age of 26 to 26 when they have matured and understood the weight of their actions, they lose interest and stop. THE GREED – MOTIVATED (Career Criminals). This type of cyber-criminals is dangerous because they are usually unscrupulous and are ready to commit any type of crime, as long as it brings money to them. â€Å"They started the child pornography often called cyber-pornography which englobes legal and illegal pornography on the internet.†# They are usually very smart and organized and they know how to escape the law enforcement agencies. These cyber-criminals are committing grievous crimes and damages and their unscrupulousness, particularly in child-pornography and cyber-gambling is a serious threat to the society. Example to show how serious a threat they pose to the society is â€Å"the victim of the European bank of Antigua are said to have lost more than $10million†# â€Å"†¦theft of valuable trade secrets: the source code of the popular micro-soft windows exploration system by a Russian based hacker could be extremely dangerous†¦ the hackers could use the code to break all firewalls and penetrated remotely every computer equipped with windows were confirmed. Another usage could be the selling of the code to competitors.†# THE CYBER – TERRORISTS. They are the newest and most dangerous group. Their primary motive is not just money but also a specific cause they defend. They usually engage in sending threat mails, destroying data stored in mainly government information systems just to score their point. The threat of cyber-terrorism can be compared to those of nuclear,  bacteriological or chemical weapon threats. This disheartening issue is that they have no state frontiers; can operate from any where in the world, and this makes it difficult for them to get caught. The most wanted cyber-terrorist is Osama Bin Laden who is said to â€Å"use steganography to hide secret messages within pictures, example, a picture of Aishwarya Rai hosted on the website could contain a hidden message to blow up a building.†# A surprising fact is that these hidden messages do not alter the shape, size or look of the original pictures in any way. HOW TO DETECT A CRIMINAL MAIL A criminal mail is usually sent to networks with the aim of either corrupting the system or committing fraud. The way to detect such mails is by putting security measures in place which would detect criminal patterns in the network. News Story by Paul Roberts, of IDG News Service says that Unisys Suite has a system called the â€Å"Unisys Active Risk Monitoring System (ARMS) which helps banks and other organizations spot patterns of seemingly unrelated events that add up to criminal activity.†# Actimize Technology Ltd based in New York has developed technology that enables organizations to do complex data mining and analysis on stored information and transaction data without needing to copy it to a separate data warehouse. â€Å"The actimize software runs on the Microsoft Corp. Windows NT or Windows 2002 platform and can be developed on standard server hardware with either four to eight processors, Katz said.†# Eric J. Sinrod in his article ‘What’s Up With Government Data Mining’ states that the United States â€Å"Federal Government has been using data mining techniques for various purposes, from attempting to improve service to trying to detect terrorists patterns and activities.†# The most effective way to detect criminal mails is to provide security gadgets, educate employees on how to use them, and to be at alert for such mails, above all, making sure no security holes is left unattended to. CONCLUSION It has been deduced from this study that reliance on terrestrial laws is still an untested approach despite progress being made in many countries, they still rely on standard terrestrial laws to prosecute cyber-crimes and these laws are archaic statutes that have been in existence before the coming of the cyberspace. Also weak penalties limit deterrence: countries with updated criminal statutes still have weak penalties on the criminal statutes; this cannot deter criminals from committing crimes that have large-scale economic and social effect on the society. Also a global patchwork of laws creates little certainty; little consensus exist among countries regarding which crimes need to be legislated against. Self-protection remains the first line of defense and a model approach is needed by most countries; especially those in the developing world looking for a model to follow. They recognize the importance of outlawing malicious computer-related acts in a timely manner or in order to promote a secure environment for e-commerce. Cyber-crime with its complexities has proven difficult to combat due to its nature. Extending the rule of law into the cyberspace is a critical step towards creating a trustworthy environment for people and businesses. Since the provision of such laws to effectively deter cyber-crime is still a work in progress, it becomes necessary for individuals and corporate bodies to fashion out ways of providing security for their systems and data. To provide this self-protection, organizations should focus on implementing cyber-security plans addressing people, process and technology issues, more resources should be put in to educate employees of organizations on security practices, â€Å"develop thorough plans for handling sensitive data, records and transactions and incorporate robust security technology- -such as firewalls, anti-virus software, intrusion detection tools and authentication services. By way recommendations, these kinds of actions are suggested following the weak nature of global legal protection against cyber-crime: †¢Firms should secure their network information. When organization provides security for their networks, it becomes possible to enforce property rights laws and punishment for whoever interferes with their property. †¢Laws should apply to cyber-crime—National governments still are the major authority who can regulate criminal behavior in most places in the world. So a conscious effort by government to put laws in place to tackle cyber-crimes would be  quite necessary. †¢There should be a symbiotic relationship between the firms, government and civil society to strengthen legal frameworks for cyber-security. An act has to be crime in each jurisdiction before it can be prosecuted across a border. Nation must define cyber-crimes in similar manner, to enable them pass legislation that would fight cyber-crimes locally and internationally. How to cite Cyber Crime and Targets, Papers

The Disproval Of Spontaneous Generation Essays - Origin Of Life

The Disproval Of Spontaneous Generation From the beginning of time it was believed that living things could come from nonliving things. This process was known as spontaneous generation. However, in the middle of the 17th century and then through the next 100 years, this idea was disproved by three important experiments. We now know that a nonliving object or group of objects can not turn into a living organism. Spontaneous generation is impossible in the atmosphere that we have today. In the early 1600s, people believed that living organisms could evolve from nonliving organisms. They proved this by saying that if a piece of meat was left out uncovered, that maggots would appear in a few days. These worms did not come from anything that they could see, so they assumed they came from the nonliving meat. In 1668, a man named Redi designed and completed an experiment that showed how this was not true. He took two pieces of raw meat, and left them out. He covered one so that nothing could get in, and left the other one open. The open one grew maggots, and the covered one did not, proving that the dead meat did not produce the worms as they had previously thought. In the 1700s a man named Spallanzani proved Redis idea to a further extent. He noticed microbial growth on boiled pond water after being exposed to the air. To prove that this growth came from something living in the air, and not from the nonliving water, he designed an experiment. He boiled pond water to kill all the microbial growths. He then poured that water into two separate test tubes. He sealed one so that no air could get in, and left one open to the air. The one that was left open slowly became more and more cloudy with microbial growths. The sealed tube stayed as clear as it had been when it was boiled. This experiment proved that the growths could not come from nonliving organisms, but had to have been transported there through the air. When Spallanzani presented his results to the public, he was criticized. Other scientists said that he made the air unfit for living growth, and that they needed the air to change from nonliving to living. Pasteur did the third experiment, in 1862. He took Spallanzanis experiment, and the critics statements, and combined the two. He boiled pond water to kill all the living organisms. He poured that water into two curved neck flasks. He then proceeded to break the neck off of one of the flasks at the base. The flask with the broken neck started to become cloudy in a few days, however, the other flask continued to stay clear. He proved that the microbial organisms could not come from something nonliving. The curve in the neck of the flask allowed air to flow in, however, it caught all the microorganisms in the neck. Spontaneous generation is the idea that a living organism can come from something nonliving. This idea was entirely believed until the mid 1800s. Three important experiments helped to disprove this idea. Due to the work of three men, we now have the knowledge that living things can only come from other living things in our environment. Science Essays

The Origin and Meaning of the Surname, Long

The Origin and Meaning of the Surname, Long Long is the  86th most popular surname  in the United States with origins in  English,  Irish, and Chinese. The most common alternate surname spellings include Longe, Lang, Delong, and Laing. Learn about the famous Longs, genealogy resources and the three main plausible origins for the common last name below. Possible Surname Origins Long was most commonly a  nickname that was often given to a man who was especially tall and lanky, from the  Old English lang  and  Old French long, meaning  long or tall.The Long surname may also be a  reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic name Ó Longin, meaning descendant of Longn, a personal name probably derived from long, meaning tall.If the family is Chinese, the name may indicate descent from  an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 BC). Notable Longs Nia Long:  American actress who is  best known as her characters on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and Third Watch on TV. She was also in the popular movies Friday and Too Deep.Howie Long:  Former American NFL defensive end. Howie currently works at Fox Sports as a studio analyst.Shelley Long:  Actress popular on the comedy television shows Cheers and Frasier. She has five Emmy nominations and two Golden Globe Awards.Shorty Long: American soul singer, record producer, and musician who was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Long Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Long surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Long query.FamilySearch - Long  Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Long surname and its variations.Long  Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Long surname.Cousin Connect - Long  Genealogy Queries: Read or post genealogy queries for the surname Long, and sign up for free notification when new Long queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Long  Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Long. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wouldn't it be great if there was a key that unlocked all the shortcuts to success on the ACT? Although that dream might be a little unrealistic, the advice in this article will give you the next best thing in the form of mini-strategies that will cut down on your stress levels and improve your scores. Can You Actually â€Å"Hack† the ACT? To a limited extent, yes. The strategies in this article may lead to a small increase in your scores, but they won’t fix major issues you have with the content of the test.Understanding the format and how to get around some of the trickier parts of the ACT is important, but there’s no substitute for in-depth studying. Consider these tips as supplements to your regular studying rather than cure-alls for your more serious issues with the material on the test.We’ve written a guide on how to study for the ACT that you can check out for more insight into the review process. Overall ACT Hacks Here are some techniques that you can use on all parts of the ACT to earn the best possible score on each section. #1: Skip Hard Questions at First On every section of the ACT, you need to pace yourself carefully to avoid running out of time before you get to all of the questions.If you come across a question that completely stumps you, don’t linger. Struggling with one question for too long can damage your scores because it takes up time you could have used to answer easier questions later in the section.You can always come back to the questions you skipped if you have time, but you shouldn’t prioritize one tricky question over getting through the section before time is called. #2: Fill in an Answer Bubble for Every Question The ACT has noguessing penalty, so it’s in your best interests to fill in an answer choice for every question on the test.Even if there are only 30 seconds remaining in a section and you have five questions left, you should fill in those bubbles at random in case you get lucky.If you do, you’ll earn more points, and if you don’t, your score will be no different than if you’d left the questions blank. #3: Know the Test Structure Since this is a standardized test, you should prepare by becoming familiar with how it’s structured.If nothing on the test comes as a surprise to you, you’ll feel much more relaxed.You'll be able devote all of your mental energy to understanding the content rather than navigating an unexpected test format. This article provides a complete guide to the format of the ACT, including skills tested, number of questions, and length of each section. #4: Use Process of Elimination Process of elimination is the most effective strategy for answering questions on the ACT.It’s much easier for look for reasons to get rid of answers than it is to pick the correct choice out of the lineup right away.Be picky about what it means for an answer to be correct. This is especially applicable to questions in the English and Reading sections.If you can’t find evidence in the passage that definitively supports an answer choice, get rid of it! You don't have to guess what's behind each door - you'll be able to find clues that rule out 3 out of 4 answers. If you answer correctly, you'll get a brand new karaoke machine. Be sure to claim your prize from the College Board. You deserve this. ACT English Hacks Here are a few tricks specific to the English section that will help you find the answers to questions that might otherwise stump you. #5: Choose the Most Concise Answer The essence of good writing is saying what you mean in the most accurate way without any extra unnecessary words. When you’re trying to decide between a few different phrasings for a sentence in the English section, usually the least wordy choice is correct.There are exceptions to this rule, but it’s enough of a common trend that if you’re totally stumped by a question, picking the shortest answer is a fairly safe bet. #6: Tread Carefully With NO CHANGE Answers Many students are either too wary of NO CHANGE answers or too eager to pick them.Always double check before choosing NO CHANGE, but if you genuinely feel that it’s the right answer, try not to doubt yourself too much.NO CHANGE answers make up around a quarter of the correct responses to questions where they’re presented as an option. Don’t assume that a NO CHANGE option is any less likely to be correct compared to the other choices. #7: Read Around the Question Context is important on ACT English because all the questions are based on longer passages.When answering a question about the structure of a sentence, you should always read the entire sentence, not just the part that you’re asked to revise.It might even be helpful to read the preceding and following sentences so that you can get a feel for how the different answer choices affect the flow of the passage.This will help you see that some phrasings sound more awkward than others when considered in a larger context. Context is always important. For all we know, this is just a disembodied pair of arms underneath a pile of clothes. ACT Math Hacks The Math section is the most challenging part of the ACT for many students. Here are some hacks that will help you get through tough problems. #8: Plug In Answers The great thing about multiple choice tests is that the correct answer is always right there in front of you - all you have to do is find it. Thismeans that you can often work backward to find the correct answers to math problems on the ACT even if you’re not sure of the actual solution method.This can take longer than just solving the problem the old-fashioned way, so it shouldn’t be your first move, but if you’re stumped it’s a viable way to solve problems successfully. #9: Use the Diagrams Diagrams on the Math section exist to help you, so make sure you take advantage of them.Diagrams are useful in estimating the correct answer even if you aren’t sure how to solve the problem.If you need to calculate a dimension of a shape, for example, consider how large that dimension looks compared to other parts of the diagram that are already labeled. In doing this, you can ensure that your answer makes logical sense. #10: Memorize Important Formulas The ACT doesn’t give you a list of formulas like the SAT, so you have to know the most commonly used formulas off the top of your head.Make sure you take a bit of time to review this list of formulas before the test. For example, you should know that the cosine of angle B in this image is equivalent to the length of side C divided by the length of side a. ACT Reading Hacks The Reading section involves a great deal of time pressure and high-level reading comprehension skills.These strategies will help you on the road to overcoming these challenges. #: Decide Whether to Skim or Skip You should go into the Reading section with a strategy in mind for how you want to approach the passages.Some people can read the passages normally all the way through and still make it to the end of the section, but for most students, it’s smart to adopt a more efficient alternative approach. One option is to skim the passage before starting work on the questions.This usually means reading the intro paragraph, first and last sentences of each body paragraph, and conclusion paragraph.These parts of the passage usually provide the most critical information about the central topic. Another option is to skip the passage initially and head straight for the questions.You can answer questions about small details by going back and searching for them in the passage.Save the broader questions for last after you’ve already gotten a handle on what the passage is about by putting together the smaller details.Experiment with each of these strategies on practice tests so you know what works best for you and saves you the most time. #12: Read Your Favorite Subject First In the ACT Reading section, the passages are always in the same order with regards to their subject matter.You can take advantage of this by determining the optimal order in which to read the passages beforehand.It’s best to start with the subject matter or writing style that you feel most comfortable reading because you’ll get through that passage faster than the others and probably won't struggle as much with the questions.It would be a bad idea to save the subject you like most for last because you might run out of time before getting to that question set. #13: Always Find Direct Evidence You should never make assumptions to get to your answers to questions on the Reading section.If you think that two answers seem equally valid, reread the relevant part of the passage and carefully analyze the evidence.There is only one irrefutably correct answer, and you'll always be able to point to something in the passage that gives it away. The resigned pain in this child's eyes resembles the attitude with which most students approach ACT Reading passages. ACT Science Hacks Here are a few ACT hacksyou can use to make the science section a little less intimidating and more manageable. #14: Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Conflicting viewpoints is the most time-consuming part of the ACT Science section for almost every student.It involves much more reading than the other parts of the section, which mostly consist of data interpretation.It’s best to save conflicting viewpoints for last so youcan get through all the quicker passages first. #15: Visuals Are Your Friends The ACT science section appears complicated because there are detailed explanations of experimental procedures combined with diagrams and charts. However, most of this information only exists to make you freak out about all the stuff you think you don’t understand. You can ignore most of the background information and just focus on the data provided in the visuals when answering questions. These questions are mostly based on logic, not complex science. #16: Don’t Bother Studying Science Terms The Science section on the ACT doesn’t have much in common with the tests that you’ve taken in high school science classes.It’s not necessary to study terms because there won’t be any obscure concepts that you need to understand independently.Anything obscure that you need to know to answer the questions will be defined for you in the passage.Succeeding on the Science section is about getting used to the format and digging down to the logical core of each question. Science is tooooootally tubular. ACT Writing Hacks If you’re taking the ACT with Writing, here are some ways to ensure that you end up with a decent score even if you’re not completely confident in your writing abilities. #17: Include an Introduction and Conclusion Introductions and conclusions are the most important aspects of any ACT essay.The graders pay close attention to the first and last paragraphs of each essay because they provide insight into the quality of the rest of your writing.The introduction is even more critical to your score than the conclusion because it includes a thesis statement, which gives the reader a preview of the rest of your essay.Make sure your intro contains a clear thesis statement that will make it easy for the grader to give you points! #18: Write at Least Two Pages There’s no official length requirement for the ACT essay, but you should aim for at least two pages of writing to ensure that your argument is fully developed.Essays that are less than two pages typically score lower because they don’t include enough details or explain their ideas completely.If you have an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion, making your essay at least two pages probably won’t be an issue. Conclusion: How to Hack the ACT You need to have strong fundamental knowledge of the content to earn a high score, but there are still a few simple ACT hacks you can use to make the test easier for yourself without doing a bunch of extra studying. Here's a consolidated list of all the strategies I've gone over in this article: Overall ACT Hacks Skip Hard Questions at First Fill in An Answer for Every Question Know the Test Structure Use Process of Elimination ACT English Hacks Choose the Most Concise Answer Tread Carefully with NO CHANGE Answers Read Around the Question ACT Math Hacks Plug in Answers Use the Diagrams Memorize Important Formulas ACT Reading Hacks Decide Whether to Skim or Skip Read Your Favorite Subject First Look for Direct Evidence ACT Science Hacks Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Visuals Are Your Friends Don't Bother Studying Science Terms ACT Writing Hacks Include an Introduction and Conclusion Write at Least Two Pages These tactics will help you become a more efficient and confident test-taker as long as you use them in tandem with a responsible long-term study plan! What's Next? Are you looking for a reliable guide to preparing for the ACT? Check out ourlist of the best ACT review books released this year. You might not have time to get through a whole review book before you take the ACT. If that's the case, this article has a list of critical last-minute strategy guides that you should read. Feeling ambitious? This guide will tell you exactly what you need to do to work towards a perfect score on the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Funding proposal for center for bioethical mentorship for clinicians Essay

Funding proposal for center for bioethical mentorship for clinicians working with chronically disables patients &their families - Essay Example Therefore, several projects would be fundamental for a bioethical center that seeks to advance high moral character for the clinicians. The first project is the inquiry into societal change, which makes some values that were upheld in the past virtually inapplicable in the present society. Another key element that would serve as a vital project for the bioethical center is human abuse, which calls for a thorough inquiry into various forms of human abuse, both psychological and physical, which acts as a deterrent to the recovery of patients. The nature of interactions and how they impact on the patients and their relationship with clinicians is yet another relevant area of inquiry, with a view to developing basic essentials of interactions that impact positively on the patients. Any project undertaken in the above three areas will be essential part of informing the development of moral character for clinicians, owing to the fact that the areas address all the moral components that eme rges from any interaction between clinicians and

Animism and Personification Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animism and Personification - Term Paper Example These religions are given the term primal because of the animistic belief embodied in it (Super and Turley, p.18). Primal religions have a strong belief in animism and personification. Primal religions believe in the connection of all existence, whether it be humans, animals or even nature. In fact, nature is on the focal points of primal religion. Each being, each place, each object was reasoned to have a spirit, which is called anima. In such a manner, everything has a purpose, a reason for its existence. This is closely related to how people have lived centuries ago, in the time where hunting and gathering were the primary means of living. In primal religions, the distinction between good and bad is associated with misfortune and fortune. Long ago, people do not have the technology and knowledge that we have today that can explain illness, death and suffering. Although primal religions believe in a greater or supreme being, it also brings forth the belief in entities, deities and spirits that dwell among people and nature who can and may interfere with people’s lives when they desire to or when they are disturbed. With limited knowledge and the belief in animism and personification, the people do not have an explanation to the misfortunes they are experiencing except to use their primal religion as a way to understand their lives. With this, primal religion do not relate good and bad to natural or unnatural rather they relate good and bad to how they view their relation with the spirits and deities around them through their relation with other people and with nature. Nature has a very big impact in the way people lived. By taking care of their environment and essentially nature, people believed that they will be blessed by being given back plants, trees, fruits, crops and animals that will serve as their food, shelter and clothing. Good and bad became a distinction between taking care of the things around them versus destroying their environment. When something bad happens, such as a plague, people generally believe that they are being punished because they disturbed the balance or they believe that there was something they have done that offended the spirits, deities and other beings. With this, they try to turn things around through offerings and sacrifices, which are quite different from how we do it today. Another perspective of good and bad in the primal religion is the distinction between suffering and good fortune. When a person experiences suffering, it is related to something bad or evil. And when people, with this limited knowledge, no modern technology and with a belief in animism, look for a reason behind this suffering, they associate it with something bad or evil, which is related to the idea of the unknown. Anything that is unknown to them that causes misfortune, suffering or death is equated to bad or evil. But not all unknown is related to evil and not all known is related to good. The relation is based on their experience. For example, when there is an eclipse and something bad happens to them, like crops dying, they automatically associate this with something evil. When there is a shooting star, or in our knowledge now a meteor shower, and something good happens after it like animals migrating to their area, they automatically think that the meteor showers are something good. This association comes from the primal belief that all things are interrelated or intertwined. And this is because of the communitarian way the people of those ages lived (Sharma, p.4). The primal belief has another important characteristic, and that is the belief that people, animals and other things are held together by an ultimate nature and

Comparing Pride in A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People and

Pride in A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People and Revelation    Pride is a very relevant issue in almost everyone's lives. Only when a person is forced to face his pride can he begin to overcome it. Through the similar themes of her short stories, Flannery O'Connor attempts to make her characters realize their pride and overcome it. In "A Good Man is Hard to Find," the grandmother is a typical Southern lady. This constant effort to present herself a Southern lady is where her pride is grounded. She criticizes the mother's traveling outfit, but she herself is wearing a prim and proper-and probably uncomfortable-outfit so that "anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady" (O'Connor, "A Good Man" 382). She recalls exactly how to find a certain plantation she used to visit, and the children convince their father to turn the car around. However, the grandmother realizes that the plantation is in another state but is too prideful to admit so. This pride follows her to the point of grace when The Misfit forces her to see reality. According to Ellen Douglas, the "evil in human hearts, and the possibility of grace, the gift of love, are made terrifyingly and magnificently real" when the grandmother, at gunpoint, admits that The Misfit really is, in her standards, a good man at heart (381). He is better able to express his beliefs about religion, but she has no firm foundation. When he says, "She would [have] been a good woman, if there had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life," he is revealing the fact that her pride, instead of her faith, has carried her through life (O'Connor, "A Good Man" 392). She has merely acted out the life of a typical Southern lady of he... ...e. Grace allows this change to happen, but one must be willing to face hardships and difficulties because the road to redemption is narrow and rocky. Works Cited Douglas, Ellen. "O'Connor's 'A Good Man is Hard to Find.'" Contemporary Literature Criticism. Eds. Carolyn Riley and Phyllis Carmel Mendelson. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1976. Vol. 6. 381. Edwards, Jr., Bruce L. "O'Connor's 'Good Country People.'" Masterplots II-Short Story Series.   Ed. Frank N. Magill. Pasedena, CA: Salem P, 1986. Vol. 2. 901-902. O'Connor, Flannery. "Good Country People." Meyer 392-406. --------. "A Good Man is Hard to Find." Meyer 381-392. --------. "Revelation" Meyer 407-420. Meyer, Michael, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. --------. "O'Connor on Theme and Symbol" Meyer 423-424. Comparing Pride in A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People and Pride in A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People and Revelation    Pride is a very relevant issue in almost everyone's lives. Only when a person is forced to face his pride can he begin to overcome it. Through the similar themes of her short stories, Flannery O'Connor attempts to make her characters realize their pride and overcome it. In "A Good Man is Hard to Find," the grandmother is a typical Southern lady. This constant effort to present herself a Southern lady is where her pride is grounded. She criticizes the mother's traveling outfit, but she herself is wearing a prim and proper-and probably uncomfortable-outfit so that "anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady" (O'Connor, "A Good Man" 382). She recalls exactly how to find a certain plantation she used to visit, and the children convince their father to turn the car around. However, the grandmother realizes that the plantation is in another state but is too prideful to admit so. This pride follows her to the point of grace when The Misfit forces her to see reality. According to Ellen Douglas, the "evil in human hearts, and the possibility of grace, the gift of love, are made terrifyingly and magnificently real" when the grandmother, at gunpoint, admits that The Misfit really is, in her standards, a good man at heart (381). He is better able to express his beliefs about religion, but she has no firm foundation. When he says, "She would [have] been a good woman, if there had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life," he is revealing the fact that her pride, instead of her faith, has carried her through life (O'Connor, "A Good Man" 392). She has merely acted out the life of a typical Southern lady of he... ...e. Grace allows this change to happen, but one must be willing to face hardships and difficulties because the road to redemption is narrow and rocky. Works Cited Douglas, Ellen. "O'Connor's 'A Good Man is Hard to Find.'" Contemporary Literature Criticism. Eds. Carolyn Riley and Phyllis Carmel Mendelson. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1976. Vol. 6. 381. Edwards, Jr., Bruce L. "O'Connor's 'Good Country People.'" Masterplots II-Short Story Series.   Ed. Frank N. Magill. Pasedena, CA: Salem P, 1986. Vol. 2. 901-902. O'Connor, Flannery. "Good Country People." Meyer 392-406. --------. "A Good Man is Hard to Find." Meyer 381-392. --------. "Revelation" Meyer 407-420. Meyer, Michael, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. --------. "O'Connor on Theme and Symbol" Meyer 423-424.

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Essay

Introduction: The Beginning of the â€Å"Continental Drift Theory† In the middle of the eighteenth century, James Hutton proposed a theory, uniformitarianism; â€Å"the present is the key to the past†. It held that processes such as geologic forces- gradual and catastrophic-occurring in the present were the same that operated in the past. (Matt Rosenberg, 2004) This theory coincides with the theory of Continental Drift that was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in December 1596, who suggested that North, South America, Africa and Eurasia were once connected but had been torn apart by earthquakes and floods. He also discovered that the coasts of the eastern part of South America and the western coasts of Africa fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and this fit becomes especially prominent as the edges of the continental shelves have similar shapes and thus, appear to be once fitted together. (Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2) The similarity of southern continents’ geological formations had led Roberto Mantovani to speculate that all continents had once been a supercontinent and was smaller in its volume than it is now. Through volcanic activity, fissures are created in the crust causing this continent to break apart. However, this theory, known as the Expanding Earth Theory has since been proven incorrect. The Theory of Continental Drift In 1912, The Theory of Continental Drift was intensively developed by Alfred Wegener, who claimed that the world was made up of a single gigantic supercontinent named Pangea since the Permian period, 250 million years ago. It began forming at the beginning of the Carboniferous period, 365 million years ago, when Gondwana collided into Laurussia producing the Appalachian mountain belt in eastern North America and closing in Paleo-Tethys Ocean and modern landmass became exposed to air. Alexander Du Toit then suggested that 145-200 million years ago, in the middle Jurassic Period, Pangea started breaking up into two smaller supercontinents, Laurasia in the northern hemisphere and Gondwana in the southern hemisphere, with Tethys Sea and North Atlantic Ocean separating the two supercontinents. The late Jurassic era began the formation of the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada mountains. In the Cretaceous Period, 65 million years ago, the two supercontinents then began fragmenting into the present seven continents. (USGS, 2012) The Tethys Sea that lay between the two landmasses was subducted beneath Eurasia, forming the lower Atlantic Ocean. Eventually, it disappeared. (Nelson Thomas, 2007) (Figure 2) Wegener proposed that continents were moving at about one yard per century and supported this theory with several points of evidence. Evidence supporting the Theory of Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener and Du Toit) Alfred Wegener matched up coastlines, and he realized that by fitting the continental shelves together, cratons formed a contiguous pattern across the boundary of South America and Africa. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) He realized that mountain ranges that ended at one coastline seemed to begin again on another such as ancient mountains in South Africa that align with the mountains in near Buenos Aires in Argentina. (Sant, Joseph, 2012) He discovered earthworms of the family Megascolecina, who are unlikely to be long-distance migrators, were found in soils of all the Gondwanaland continents. (kangarooistan, 2009) This identical species could not have arisen on different continents without some variations. (WiseGeek, 2010) Fossil remains of a prehistoric reptile known as the Mesosaurus had been uncovered on both sides of the South Atlantic coasts, yet the creature was unable to swim across the Atlantic Ocean. ( Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Fossils of the land reptile, Lystrosaurus were discovered in South America, Africa and Antarctica. (Sant, Joseph, 2012). He also discovered the fossil plant Glossopteris was distributed throughout India, South America, Southern Africa, Australia and Antarctica. (USGS, 2012)(Figure 3) Alexander Du Toit traveled to Brazil and Argentina where he found similarities in the fossils and rock strata to those found in South Africa such as the fossilized remains of Mesosaurus in fresh water deposits, dune deposits capped by basalt flows, tillite and coal beds. Similar layers of rock were formed in Antarctica, Australia, South America, Africa and India. (Figure 4) Widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia and striations that indicated glacial flow away from the equator and towards the poles were discovered and supported the theory of Continental Drift which proposed that southern continents were once located over the South Pole region and covered by ice sheets. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) (Figure 4) He also discovered a base layer of shale scratched by glaciers and covered by layers of tillite in South Africa, a continent of a tropical equatorial climate. Tillites and varves dating back to 2 billion years ago, were found in Canada and India, indicating glaciation on a worldwide scale. Such tillites were found on all major continents except Antarctica, which has been the most extensive glacial continent in earth’s history. (kangarooistan, 2009) Additionally, fossils of tropical plants in the form of coal deposits were found in Antarctica which implies that Antarctica had to be closer to the Equator. (USGS, 2012) This study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth is known as paleoclimatology. Sediments of rifting have proved the drifting apart of Pangea. The rifting that formed the South Atlantic Ocean began late in the Mesozoic Period when Africa and South America began to pull apart. Water from the south then flowed in over time, thus forming the evaporites now found along the coastlines there. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013)(Figure 5) However, Wegener believed that only the continents were moving and they plowed through the rocks of the ocean basins. (Colliers Encyclopedia, 1996) Harold Jeffreys then argued that it is impossible for continents to break through solid rock without breaking apart. (USGS, 2012) Wegener also claimed that the centrifugal force of the spinning planet had forced the continents sideways, parallel to the equator; tidal pull from the sun and moon had caused lateral movement. (Sant, Joseph, 2012) His orders of magnitude were too weak. Thus, his theory was dismissed. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Further development and support of the â€Å"Continental Drift Theory† in the 1960s After World War 2, the U.S. Office of Naval Research intensified efforts in ocean-floor mapping, leading to the discovery of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to be part of a continous system of mid-oceanic ridges on all ocean floors, prompting Harry H. Hess to suggest the theory of sea-floor spreading. The oldest fossils found in ocean sediments were only 180 million years old and little sediment were accumulated on the ocean floor. Thus, he suggested that seafloors were no more than a few hundred million years old, significantly younger than continental land due to hot magma rising from volcanically active mid-oceanic ridges, spreading sideways, cooling on the seafloor’s surface due to cooler temperatures of the sea, solidifying to create new seafloor, thereby pushing the tectonic plates apart. (Edmond A. Mathez, 2000) The realization that the shape of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantic Coast are strikingly similar substantiated the claim that the continents had been joined together at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) (Figure 6) The cause of the continental drift that Wegener was unable to explain had been further researched on by Arthur Holmes who claimed that the movement of continents was the result of convection currents driven by the thermal convection in the heat of the interior of the Earth, namely the mantle. The heat source of the mantle comes from radioactivity decay in the core. (Figure 7) At constructive plate boundaries, molten basalt flows out on either side of the ridge and cools with the iron particles in the basalt aligning with the earth’s magnetic field which reverses direction every few hundred thousand years. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Due to magma cooling, the polarity of rocks will be recorded at the time it was formed. (Figure 8.1) In 1950, researchers of paleomagnetism discovered that there were alternating regions of normal and reversed magnetic directions symmetrically disposed on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge –magnetic stripping. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) Harry H. Hess’ theory was thus proven by the magnetic anomalies in the oceanic crust. (Nelson Thomas, 2007) (Figure 8.2) It was also discovered that the youngest rocks were closest to the mid-oceanic Ridge and the oldest rocks were near the coasts of the continents. When scientists began collecting magnetic data for North America and Europe, they discovered the north pole seemed to be moving about over time. (ALLA, 2009) However, when data from other continents was collected for the same time frames, it showed different polar locations, thus supporting that continents were moving about. The Theory of Plate Tectonics The theory of plate tectonics held that the Earth’s lithosphere, the Earth’s crust and the uppermost mantle, is broken into seven macro-plates and about twelve smaller ones, averaging 50 miles in width. (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 2007) Any plate may consist of both oceanic crust and continental crust. (Colliers Encyclopedia, 1996) (Figure 9) It suggests that the ocean floor began to spread at constructive plate boundaries, and continents, existing on â€Å"plates†, moved due to convection currents in the mantle and constant sea-floor spreading. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). They drag and move plates above them due to rising magma spreading out beneath the earth’s crust. As two oceanic plates move apart, magma from the underlying asthenosphere mantle wells up from oceanic ridges and becomes rigid enough to join the lithosphere of the plates on either side of the plate boundary, creating new seafloor and eventually, an oc ean is opened up. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) (Figure 10) Examples are the Atlantic Ocean formed between South America and Africa. New rock is created by volcanism at mid-oceanic ridges and returned to the Earth’s mantle at oceanic trenches where the denser plate is subducted under the other, forcing the earth’s crust back into the mantle. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) This process is known as the ridge push and slab-pull. (Figure 11) Different plate tectonics movement and subsequent tectonic activities Transform plate movement causing earthquakes: Seismic waves disrupting the continents in the form of earthquakes are due to the great amount of stress and energy built up by the friction of the moving plates, especially during transform plate movement, where plates slide past each other in a grinding, shearing manner and form tear faults (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). (Figure 12.1) There is gradual bending of rocks before the ductile limit of rocks is exceeded, causing the plates to lock and the fault to break, leading to sudden release of stored energy, causing earthquakes. (Nelson Thomas, 2007 ) An example is the strike-slip fault, San Andreas Fault in California. (Figure 12.2) (WiseGeek, 2010) Oceanic and Oceanic convergent plate movement: Other evidence of plate tectonics movement are most of the world’s active volcanoes located along or near the boundaries between shifting plates known as plate-boundary volcanoes. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) When two oceanic plates collided, the denser plate will subduct under the other, forming a deep oceanic trench and form magma through hydration or decompression melting. The magma being less dense than the surrounding mantle, rises and escapes to the sea-floor through cracks in the earth’s crust, forming submarine volcanoes that rise above water to form a chain of volcanic islands known as island arcs, such as the Japan Islands. (Figure 13) Examples would be the Pacific Plate subducting underneath the North American Plate creating the Kuril Trench and the Japan Trench that can be found along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Many volcanoes such as Mount St. Helens, Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines are located along the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean Basin where boundaries of several plates such as the Nazca and the Cocos Plate are found, forming the Ring of Fire. (Fraser Cain, 2009) (Figure 14) Volcanoes formed not due to tectonic activities: 5 per cent of the world’s volcanoes are formed at isolated â€Å"hot spots† and many intra-plate volcanoes form roughly linear chains along the middle of oceanic plates. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011)Examples are the Yellowstone National park and Hawaiian Islands, an intra-plate volcanic chain developed by the Pacific plate passing over a deep, stationary â€Å"hot spot†, located 60 km beneath the present-day position of the Island of Hawaii. Heat from this hotspot produced a constant source of basaltic magma by partly melting the overriding Pacific Plate. This magma rises through the mantle to erupt onto the seafloor, forming an active seamount. Over time, countless eruptions caused the seamount to grow until it finally emerges above sea level to form island volcanoes. The continuing plate movement eventually carries the island volcano away from the hotspot, cutting it off from the â€Å"hot spot† and creating another island volcano. This cycle is repeated, forming the Hawaiian Islands. (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 2007) (Figure 15) Continental and Continental convergent plate movement: Continental fold mountain ranges are evidence of two continental plates that are thick and buoyant thus, preventing both plates from subducting. Instead, the two plates collide into each other forming fold mountain ranges in a process known as orogenesis. An example is the high elevation of the Tibetan plateau, fringed to the south by the Himalayas as the edges of the Indian and Eurasia plate buckle, uplift, fold and deform. Mt. Everest is the highest summit on Earth, yet Yellowband limestone that was originally part of the shallow seals of the Tethys Ocean was found on Mount Everest at a height of 8462m. (Figure 16) Oceanic and Continental convergent plate movement: Mountains are formed when oceanic crust is subducted under a continental crust, resulting in melting of rock, thus volcanic activity and causing the continental crust to deform, rise and buckle upwards under compressional forces. Examples are the Andes Mountain, the Chile-Peru Trench and the uplift of the Rockies and Appalachians in the past. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2007) The Table Mountains was formed approximately 250 million years ago, due to the Pacific plate subducting under the North American plate, (Mary Ann Resendes, 2012) thus creating the Sierra Nevada foothills, subsequently creating the Cape of Good Hope as the ocean erodes the soft sandstone of Table Mountains on the coast. (National Geographic, 1996) Other tectonic activities such as the Wadati-Benioff zones, that are earthquake zones parallel to oceanic trenches are also formed at such subduction zones and inclined from 40 to 60 degrees from the horizontal, extending several hundred kilometres into the mantle. (Figure 17) Continental and Continental divergent plate movement: When two continental crusts are pulled apart due to tensional forces, the area sinks and forms a rift valley and sea such as the East African Rift Valley and the Red Sea that runs from the Jordan Valley and into East Africa, already dotted with volcanoes such as Hermon. This is due to the area being stretched, causing the crustal material to thin, weaken and sink due to lowered density. (Figure 18) Isostasy Also, isostasy takes place wherever a large amount of weight such as the fold mountain ranges created from plate tectonics movements is formed or glaciers, pushes down the Earth’s crust and creates a small dent. Isostasy also takes place at divergent plate boundaries when a large amount of weight is removed from an area, causing that portion of the Earth’s crust to rise. Therefore, equilibrium in the earth’s crust is achieved such that forces elevating landmasses balances those tending to depress landmasses. (Learning Network, 1998) (Figure 19)

A Research Study Of Age Related Development - 1543 Words

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Boys develop deeper voices and girls develop breasts. The rate a person matures can vary significantly which can be as a result of biological genes; however external factors can alter or slow down puberty. (Smith et al p. 285) highlights that undernourishment or poor nutrition can be the cause of a delayed puberty. This would suggest that children in poorer areas or deprived social background who are not getting enough food or good quality nutritious food could result in delayed puberty. When looking at theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Alcohol Abuse And Academic Performance939 Words   |  4 PagesEmerging Adulthood, a stage of human development that takes place du ring the age of 18 to 25. This is our golden age. This is a time when we are stepping into the real world and fully grow as a human being. This is the most important stage of our life. However, this is also the time when we are in college, where drinking has been glorified as a popular culture. 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